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【生態】人類與動物-第6篇:豹的獵逃~生存之旅
【Ecology】Humans and Animals - Chapter 6: Survival travel of leopards chasing and escaping.

 

上帝給牠美麗的外衣,人類不擇手段想得到它,牠必需展開為了生存之旅。神秘的豹族,在各世界中展現出不同的美麗豹紋與強韌的生命力。

 

 

The god gives it beautiful fur; however, humans will stop at nothing to get its fur. So they need to travel for survival. The secret Panthera display their different beautiful pattern of rosettes and tough vitality.

 


 

 雪豹 

 

【小故事】

 

  雪豹是獨行俠,有些宗教將雪豹當為神。

 

  在喜馬拉雅山的藏區,傳說一位聖僧在一個山洞裡修行。那年冬天連下十八天大雪,大家以為聖僧應該逃不過這場大雪。當大家前去尋找聖僧時,在山洞前看到一隻雪豹在吼叫,接近一看卻是聖僧在歌唱。大家問聖僧是否看到雪豹,他回答:「我就是那隻雪豹」。原來他已修成正果,可任意變化成動物。

 

尼泊爾

 

【傳說 1】喇嘛會化身為雪豹前往藏區尋找治病草藥。

【傳說 2】放牧者被禁止在野外烤肉,否則山神會派他的「護法神」(雪豹)處罰牧民。

【傳說 3】雪豹稱為農家的「天然柵欄」,如果沒有雪豹,牛羊就會不受控制到處覓食,甚至可能跑進農地。

【傳說 4】尼泊爾人相信,投胎變成雪豹是為了帶走前世的罪,如果傷害了牠們,就會把它們前世的罪全數接收過去。

 

【行程】

 

尼泊爾深度之旅] 

 

 

【小常識01】

 

  在古代《山海經》中記載一種名叫「孟極」的動物,形狀像豹,額上有花紋,體毛白色,善於隱藏伏臥。有文獻分析,是最早出現有關雪豹的記載。《史記·五帝本紀》中「軒轅之時……教熊、羆、貔、貅。」其中的「貔」就是指一個以雪豹為圖騰的氏族。

 

 

【小常識02】雪豹會時常攻擊人類嗎?

 

  自有歷史記錄以來,雪豹從沒有主動襲擊人類的記錄。

  雪豹在能果腹的情況下寧可吃植物,也不會輕易吃牧民的牲畜。襲擊牲畜的通常是帶著幼崽的母豹,需要餵食哺乳才會冒著危險偷獵食家畜。

  雪豹不會躲開人類,而是在遠處看著人們,雪豹有時仍會被迫接近人類。但在接近時,雪豹一般並不會有害怕或畏懼的表現,這點與大多數野生動物很不一樣。

 

 

【小常識03】雪豹的特徵

 

  雪豹有許多在寒冷的山區生長的生物特徵,擁有身體粗壯、毛厚、虹膜呈黃綠色,強光照射下會縮為圓狀。雪豹也有著大且披毛的足部,前足5趾,後足4趾,前足比後足寬大。大腳有如雪靴,可以分散體重在雪地上的壓力,不會在鬆軟的積雪上陷得太深,有助於在雪地行走。由於其常在雪線附近和雪地間活動,故名「雪豹」。

 

 

 

Snow leopard 

 

【The little story】

 

The snow leopard is solitary and as a god by some religions.

 

There was a senior monk who was a spiritual cultivator in a cave in a Tibetan area in the Himalayas as a legend. It had eighteen days of heavy snow in a winter, and everyone thought the senior monk would not live in this weather. A snow leopard was roaring in front of the cave when everyone had gone to find the senior monk. They saw the senior monk singing when they got closer. They asked the senior monk if he saw the snow leopard? He said, "I am that snow leopard." It turned out he could transform into any animals because he had fulfilled his spiritual work.

 

Nepal

 

【Legend 1】A lama will transform into a snow leopard to look for the herbs forward to Tibetan areas.
【Legend 2】Shepherds are prohibited from a barbecue, otherwise they will be punished by his Guardian deity (snow leopard) of the mountain deity.
【Legend 3】Snow leopards are called " natural fences by farmers. Cattles and goats will uncontrolled to forage everywhere without snow leopards even they maybe break into the farms.
【Legend 4】Nepalese believe that the reincarnation to a snow leopard is for taking away the sin of pre-existence. All sin of pre-existence would be received selves of harming them.


【Tour】


 [9 Days tour in Nepal

 


【Easy General knowledge 01】


The ancient book of Classic of Mountains and Seas records that there was a creature called "Meng-Ji" whose body was like Panthera, a pattern upon the forehead, white fur, and good at hiding to ambush. According to literature analysis, it is the earliest record about snow leopards. It refers to "there are Ursus, Bear, Pi, Xiu.......during the Xuanyuan era." in the Five Emperors Basic Annals of Records of the Grand Historian. Among them, "Pi" is a clan with a snow leopard as a totem.

 


【Easy General knowledge 02】Do snow leopards often attack humans?


Snow leopards have never actively attacked humans since records began.
Snow leopards eat plants rather than livestock if they will be satiety. Female snow leopards with their cubs usually attack livestock due to nursing, and thus they secretly hunt livestock.
Snow leopards do not avoid humans but watch humans at a distance. Sometimes they are forced to approach humans; however, they usually do not have afraid behavior, which is different from most wild animals.

 

【Easy General knowledge 03】The characteristics of snow leopards


The snow leopard shows several adaptations for living in a cold, mountainous environment in which the body is stocky, a thick layer of fur, and eyes are pale green that becomes circular when the glare. Their large furry paws have five toes on the front and four on the back. Its large paws as a pair of snowshoes keep it from sinking into the snow and well distribute the bodyweight for walking on snow. Its are named "Snow leopard" because of its frequent activities around the snow line and snow places.

 

 

 

雪豹有固定的巢穴(岩洞),白天常在巢穴中睡眠休息。雪豹十分念窩,除非洞塌水淹,否則不會離開。

Snow leopards sleep and rest at their den (rocky den) in the daytime. They are homebodies and do not leave unless the caves are collapse or flood.

 

 

雪豹每年換毛,它將所有毛收集起來壓在身下,日子久了便成一片豹毛氈

Snow leopards shed fur every year, and they collect all of it on their underside. After a while, it becomes a natural blanket.

 

  在四川山上曾發現雪豹的巢窩,面積約一平方米,地上有15-20毫米厚的氈狀毛層。

  傳說在冰雪之上睡這種氈猶如睡火炕,故被稱為「帶火的褥子」。由於雪豹洞十分隱蔽,故此物極其稀有。目前雪豹的數量甚至少於大熊貓,「只見雪豹皮,不見雪豹」。

  ps:雪豹分佈的區域,在整個藏區、蒙古國跟西伯利亞

 

【行程】

 

蒙古國之旅

西伯利亞之旅

藏區之旅

 

【故事】

 

牧民、旅行家與野生動物的相遇

 

 

 

It had found a den of the snow leopard in the mountain of Sichuan which was about a square meter, and there was a fur shed that was 15 - 20 cm thick on the ground.
A legend said that sleeping above this fur shed on the snow is like a heated bed; therefore, it is also called "a mattress with fire". This stuff is very rare due to a snow leopard's den very hidden. Nowadays, the population of the snow leopard is lesser than pandas. "Only seeing snow leopards' fur, but no snow leopard."
PS, The snow leopard is distributed in the whole Tibetan areas, Mongolia, and Siberia.


【Tour】


 [Tours in Mongolia.

 [Tours in Siberia.

 [Tours in Tibetan areas.]


【The story】

 [Nomads and travelers meet with wild animals.

 

 

 

 

 

   

 雲豹 

 

【小故事】

 

  魯凱族人的傳說中,台灣黑熊和台灣雲豹是好朋友,因為牠們原本身上的毛都是淡色的,所以決定互相彩繪皮毛。

  黑熊替雲豹彩繪美麗的斑點,畫完後,黑熊累到睡著了。但是雲豹沒耐心,就用鍋底的黑灰亂塗,黑熊全身被塗黑,只剩胸前部分沒塗到,因此還是白色的。

  黑熊醒來後,非常生氣,因為雲豹沒有遵守承諾,黑熊不再當雲豹是好朋友。從此以後,有熊出沒的森林中,就很少看到雲豹了。

 

 

【傳說 1】雲豹的故鄉

 

  雲豹是魯凱族神話傳說中的祖靈:相傳魯凱族的祖先在一次遷徙的過程中,看見有雲豹來領路,沿著太麻里溪,翻山越嶺,最後雲豹停在舊好茶村就不再離開,於是他們在此建立部落,所以魯凱族居住地被稱為「雲豹的故鄉」。

 

【傳說 2】排灣族認為雲豹是獵人死去後的轉世。

 

 

【小常識】

 

  雲豹和雪豹雖然被稱為「豹」,但都不是豹的亞種。

  主要分布在印度、馬來西亞、印尼以及中國大陸長江以南,都有牠的蹤跡。牠棲息在叢林深處,喜歡單獨活動,大部分的時間生活在樹上,有很厲害的爬樹本領、靈活敏捷的動作。

  台灣雲豹為貓科雲豹屬雲豹種的台灣特有亞種,目前已經無法發現蹤跡,是國際自然保護聯盟(IUCN)公告之絕滅(EX)動物。

 

【行程】

 

台灣之旅

 

 

 

Formosan clouded leopard


【The little story】


The Formosan black bear and the Formosan clouded leopard are good friends in the indigenous Rukai's legend. The color of their fur was light so they decided to paint each other's fur.
The black bear had painted beautiful spots for the clouded leopard and after that, the black bear was so tired that he fell asleep. However, the clouded leopard was impatient so the leopard carelessly painted the black bear by using the bottom ash of the pot. The black bear's all body was painted black, but only the chest without any painting was still white.
The black bear was very angry after waking up because the clouded leopard did not keep the promise. The black bear was no longer a good friend with the clouded leopard. Henceforth, clouded leopards were less to be seen when there were black bears in forests.

 


【Legend 1】The homeland of clouded leopards


Clouded leopards are the ancestral spirits of the Rukai tribe in the legend. It is said that during a migration Rukai's ancestors had seen a clouded leopard who guided them in the direction along with the Taimali River and trekked. At the end of this migration, the clouded leopard stopped at the old village of Kucapungane and never left. Thus, people set up their tribe here where is the Rukia live is also called "the homeland of clouded leopards".

 

【Legend 2】Paiwan people consider that clouded leopards were reincarnations of hunters after they died.

 

【Easy General knowledge】


Clouded leopards and snow leopards are all called "leopard"; however, they are all not subspecies of the leopard.
They are distributed from India, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the south of the Yangtze in China, where all have their trace. Their favorite inhabit are deep in jungles and love to move alone. Most of the time, they stay upon the trees so they have impressive skills such as climbing trees and flexible movement.

A Formosan clouded leopard is the clouded leopard subspecies Neofelis nebulosa brachyurus of Taiwan particular. Until now, there has been no found their trace. The population is listed as extinct by the IUCN.


【Tour】


 [Tour in Taiwan

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 花豹、獵豹、美洲豹 

 

 

看圖猜猜看,圖中分別是哪種豹的花紋?

 

 

Leopard、Cheetah、Jaguar


Guess, what have each pattern of rosettes belongs to which kind of Panthera in the below picture?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

答案揭曉:

The answers are,

 

 

【小常識 01】豹的外觀有什麼不一樣?

 

 

花豹

體型較壯碩,黃褐色的身體上有許多黑色空心的斑塊。

(大塊一些的斑點,其中心顏色較淡,以深褐色的圈圍住斑點。)

 

黑豹

花豹中有些體色全黑,稱之為黑豹。實際上牠們是同一種動物。

在明亮處仔細觀察黑豹花紋,跟花豹一樣。

花豹所生的幼仔,可能同時生出花豹和黑豹,機率大約11%  。

 

獵豹

身材修長,頭部較小。

獵豹的斑點是「實心的」,是一整塊的褐色。

獵豹的臉上則有兩道明顯的淚線,從眼角一直延伸到嘴邊。

 

美洲豹

又稱美洲虎,外貌與豹相似。

但體型比豹大得多,體型僅次於獅子與老虎。

花紋與花豹、獵豹不同,是黑色圓圈,中間有黑斑點。

主要棲息地分布在:美國西南部、墨西哥至南美洲。

目前罕見其蹤跡,是國際自然保護聯盟(IUCN)公告之近危(NT)動物。

 

 

 

【小常識 02】豹的生活方式

 

 

花豹

範圍包括非洲、中東、亞洲東部、西南及南部等地的森林、草原、樹叢。

夜間狩獵。捕捉到獵物並不當場食用,會拖到樹蔭下或草叢裡,有時甚至拖到樹上。

 

獵豹

白天出獵多半在清早或傍晚時分

其他時間很少活動,常花好幾小時在休息。

 

美洲豹

在雨林、沙漠和高山可見牠的蹤影。

捕獵方式直接咬住獵物頭部。

習性與虎相似,常在夜晚狩獵。

 

P.S.:獵豹的懷孕期是95天,花豹是105天,美洲豹是90~110天。

 

【行程】

 

美洲生態之旅

 

 

 

【小常識 03】豹的奔跑速度

 

 

花豹

追捕獵物時,最高時速可達80公里。

 

獵豹

可瞬間加速,在2秒內從時速45到110公里。

但只能短跑,否則身體來不及散熱,大約只能跑約三百米。

若不能迅速追獲獵物,便放棄追逐。

 

P.S.:美洲豹、雲豹與獵豹是短跑衝刺,雪豹是攀岩型的。

 

【行程】

 

非洲生態之旅

 

 

 

【Easy General knowledge 01】What is the Panthera appearance different?

 

 Leopard
Its size is large. There are many black hollow rosettes on its body.
(Some centers of bigger rosettes of color are lighter and surrounded by dark brown circles. )

 

 Black Panther
Some leopards are all black and called Black Panther. In fact, they are the same animals.
Markings on a black panther are the same as a leopard if observed in the bright sites.
Leopards maybe give birth to cubs of leopard and black panthers at the same time that the probability is 11%.

 

 Cheetah
Slender body, small rounded head
Cheetahs have whole solid brown spots.
The two pronounced tear streaks on the face originate from the corners of the eyes and run down to the mouth.

 

 Jaguar
The appearance is similar to a leopard.
But its body is larger than a leopard, exceeded in size only by the tiger and the lion.
The rosettes, which are a black spot in the center of a black circle, are distinct from leopards and cheetahs
The jaguar's range extends from Mexico to South America and the southwestern USA.

 

Until now, their traces are rare. It has been listed as Near Threatened (NT) on the IUCN List.

 

 

【Easy General knowledge 02】Behaviour and ecology

 

 Leopard
The range of distribution includes forests, grasslands, and savannas in Africa, the Middle East, and east, southwestern, south of Asia.
It hunts at night. It does not eat prey immediately but drags caches prey safely in shades or bushes, even upon trees.

 

 Cheetah
Cheetahs mainly hunt during the day, with peaks during dawn and dusk.
Infrequent activity at other times, and often spending hours resting.

 

 Jaguar
The jaguar inhabits rainforests, deserts, and high mountains.
The hunting way is to bite directly through the prey's head.
It often hunts by night and habit as a tiger.


PS, Gestation lasts 95 days for a cheetah, 105 days for a leopard, 90 to 111 days for Jaguar.


【Tour】


 [ America Eco-Tour ]

 

 

【Easy General knowledge 03】The running speed

 

 Leopard
The highest chase speed can be 80 km/h when it hunts.

 

 Cheetah
The transient acceleration can be from 45 to 110  km/h within 2 seconds.
Only do the sprint, or it excessive build-up of body heat. The length of the chases is approximately 300 meters.
The cheetah can give up the chase if it can not make a kill quickly.


PS, Jaguar, clouded leopard, and cheetah are sprinters, or snow leopard is a rock climber.


【Tour】


 [ Eco-Tour in Africa ]

 

 

 

 

【趣味】

 

  有一種豹,沒有豹紋,用兩隻腳走路,而且是粉紅色的?

 

 

【Interesting】


Guess, there is a kind of Panthera that walks by two legs and is pink without any rosettes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

答:頑皮豹 (Pink Panther)

 

【頑皮豹小簡介】

 

頑皮豹 (Pink Panther)

1963年在美國登場。

  • 最喜歡的顏色:粉紅色。
  • 最害怕的東西:看門狗,頑皮豹每次經過有狗的門都要費一番周折。
  • 最敏感的東西:花和樹葉,鼻子一聞就會過敏打噴嚏。

 

不喜歡頑皮豹的人:大鼻子先生

  • 因為頑皮豹的原因而倒霉。
  • 夥伴:小狗。這條小狗對他很忠誠,不過常被主人誤解。
  • 最討厭:頑皮豹。

 

【行程】

 

美國之旅

 

 

 

The answer is the Pink Panther


【The pink panther's little file】


(Pink Panther)
It is initial appearance in the USA in 1963.
Most favorite color: Pink.
Most feared thing: A guard dog. Every time Pink Panther spends a little time when walks through the door which has a guard dog.
Most sensitive thing: Flowers and leaves. Allergic sneezing after having sniffed.


The person, who does not like Pick Pather: The Big Nose (A.K.A The Little Man)
He always gets misfortune because of Pink Panther.
A companion: a white dog. This white dog is very loyal to him but always is misunderstood by its owner.
The most disliked: Pink Pather


【Tour】


 [Tours in the USA.

 

【to be continue … 待續】

 

2018/02/08

 

 


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